The difference between debt collectors and bailiffs

Most people who contact you about debt are debt collectors (also called debt collection agents) employed by the creditor or a specialist collection company. They have no legal power to enter your home or take your belongings.

Bailiffs (enforcement agents) are different. They have legal powers granted by a court, but only after a creditor has obtained a court judgment against you and applied for enforcement.

What debt collectors can do

Debt collectors can contact you by letter, phone, email or in person. They can knock on your door and ask to speak with you. They cannot enter your home without your permission.

They must comply with the FCA's Consumer Credit Sourcebook, which prohibits misleading statements, harassment, contacting you at unreasonable times, and contacting third parties about your debt without your consent.

What debt collectors cannot do

They cannot: force entry to your home; take your belongings; threaten you with arrest or imprisonment for a civil debt (with exceptions for fines, child support and certain tax debts); contact you at unreasonable hours; use threatening or abusive language.

If a debt collector is doing any of these things, you can report them to the FCA and Citizens Advice. Keep records of all communications.

If a bailiff contacts you

If a bailiff contacts you, check their identity carefully — they should carry identification. Bailiffs can only enter your home if you let them in on a first visit. On a second visit following a controlled goods agreement, they may be able to use peaceful means of entry.

If you have received a bailiff notice, contact Citizens Advice or National Debtline immediately. Time-sensitive — you may be able to challenge or delay enforcement.