A credit score is a numerical rating of your creditworthiness — how likely you are to repay borrowed money based on your past financial behaviour. Lenders use it when deciding whether to approve credit applications and what interest rate to offer. In the UK, credit scores are produced by three main credit reference agencies (CRAs): Experian, Equifax and TransUnion.
How credit scores work in the UK
Each credit reference agency uses its own scoring model and scale. Experian scores from 0 to 999. Equifax uses 0 to 1,000. TransUnion uses 0 to 710. Higher scores indicate lower credit risk. There is no universal UK credit score — each agency produces a different number based on the same underlying credit data.
Lenders typically check one or more of these agencies when you apply for credit. Different lenders use different agencies and different internal models, which is why the same person can be approved by one lender and declined by another.
What your credit score is used for
- Mortgage applications
- Credit card and loan applications
- Car finance
- Some rental agreements — landlords and letting agents often check credit
- Some employers check credit for roles involving financial responsibility
- Mobile phone contracts
- Utility accounts
A good score vs a poor score
Each agency defines bands differently, but broadly: a score in the upper half of the range is considered good or excellent. A score in the lower half may result in declined applications, higher interest rates, or limited product availability. A very low score or no credit history may mean only specialist lenders are available, often at significantly higher rates.
How credit scores differ from credit reports
Your credit report is the underlying data — the full record of your credit accounts, payment history, public records (CCJs, insolvency) and current balances. Your credit score is a number calculated from that data. Both are useful: the score gives a quick summary; the report shows exactly what is affecting it.
General guidance only — not regulated financial advice.